Surveying instrument.



J. WAINWRIGHT.

SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION rlnnn APLZB, 191a.

1,108,034. Patented Aug. 18, 191i 2 sums-sum 1. H

I Wainwr oyh INVENTOR WITNESSES J. WAINWRIGHT. SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

APPLIOATIOR rum) 3.29, 1913.

Patented Aug. 18, 1914 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

(I T VaL'TM 4 7197; 1

lNVENTOR ATTORN EY WITNESSES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN WAINWRIGHT, OF BENEZETTE, PENNSYLVANIA.

SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented A g. 18, 1914;

Application filed April 29, 1913. Serial No. 764,366.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN WAINWRIGHT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Benezette, in the county of Elk and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Surveying Instrument, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to improvements in surveying instruments, and its object isto provide an instrument like that shown and described in Letters Patent No; 997,222, granted to me on July 4, 1911, and

to increase the rangeof usefulness of the instrument set forth in said Letters Patent, as well as to decrease the weight of the instrument.

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a compass with a base plate, and the ends of the base plate are formed to receive sights each with a long and a short arm and reversible with reference to the compass, as well as adjustable laterally with respect to the north and south line of the compass. The long arm of each sight is jointed at two spaced points, thus giving a great lengthof sighting range with a minimum length of supporting plate for the compass and sights.- The sights are also adapted to receive and support either singly or jointly a telescope without the necessity of balancing weights, since the telescope and sights may be brought into equilibrium with reference to the north and south line of the compass and, moreover, the instrument is madepractically universal in its usefulness by providing the telescope with similar sights and'with a level also arranged that the telescopemay be turned over for use from either end of the compass structure.

The invention 'will be best understood from a consideration of the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, with the further understanding that while the drawings show a practical embodiment of the invention, the latter is not confined to any strict conform- I ity with the showing ofthe drawings,but may be changed and modified so long as such changes and modifications mark no material departure from the salient features of the invention.

In the drawings Figure 1 ,is an elevation with some parts in section of a'sightmg compass with the improved-sightsapplied. Fig. 2 is a plan viewofthe'structure shown in Fig. 1. Figifi is a perspectiveview of one of the sights. "Fi is an elevation showing some of the'ad nstIneiits of the sights. Fig. 5 is an elevation showing a telescope attached and alsoshowing some of the adjustments ofthe! telescope sights. Fig. 6 is a plan view of thefstructure shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is'a cross section oflth e double sight telescope leveLf. l

Referring to the drawings a compass 1 which may." following the usual constructionin verifier compasses, and so needsno particular tiescription. The compass is mounted upon a plate 2, as is customary, and thishplatei is provided with a head forattacliment to ,a. tripod or J acobs stalf. lIt is customary to make the plate 2 quite ,IOng Qin ordeal-hat the sighting means desigpedjobe applied to the plate may be suflicientl y farapa rt,

but with the present-inventionfthe length of the plate is considerablyreduced, Without, however, reducing the;available ilistance between the sights. The. nsual lepgth. of

plate employed is about fifteeng and oneside of each slot is a series of perforations .5

for a purpose which will presently appear. The slots and perforations are provided to permit securing to the plate sight structures, each omprising a bodymember 6 having at one end an upstanding portion 7 rising from the body member at an angle thereto and terminating in a portion 8 substantially, perpendicular to the body member, and a-tan angle to. the intermediate portion .71. At the other ends-of the body mem bcr.6;- is ashorter upright {l substantially perpendicular to the body member 6. =Carried byand hinged to the upper end of the upright 9 is an arm..1(

the hinge connection being shown at .11 with height thanthe-portions 7 and 8' at the'other the hinged arm 10 and 15. Wh'e'n the sight' side 0 the body member or-base 6 engaging as the sights usually provided with com ass tions 22. Furthermore, the sight slots maythat the sight members 27- with the exten- 1 plate needed for'the ordinary sight standard.

a clamping screw 12-carried by the ed pintle to secure the arm 10.. in any, suita 18,, adjusted position. Connected to the freeendof the arm 10 by a hinge 13 having its pintle supplied with, a clamp screwl l, is a member 15 constituti an extension of the arm 10 in hinged relation thereto,- the of the two hinges 11 and 13 being parallel one to the other. vThe arm;.10 withits ex-' tension 15 rises-to a considerably greater end of the base member 6 and which may be termed a rigid arm in contradistinction'to -member is placed upon the plate 2 with positionin pins 16 projecting from the under in suitable onesofthe'perforations 5, and aclamp screw 17 extending-through an a pro- =priate slot 4 and entering the'thread passage 18 through the base pla'te or, body man her 6, the sight may be manipulated by loosening the clamp nuts 12 and 14, or eitherof them to adjust-the'arm 10- and its continuation 15 in an oneof numerous ositions', someotwhic are indicated in'F g. .-4. 'Withthe arms 10 moved on their hinges 'until in engagement with the upper ends 8 vof the fixed arms 7 andthe extensions 15 upright, these extensions 15' are as f ar'aphrt' surveying instruments, while the main p ate 2 is only about two-thirds as long as the By reversing the si hts so that the fixed arms are inward a, the hinged arms are outward a still greater range is; possible.

The fixed arm 7 and 8 of each sight memthe arm 10 is provided with a longitudinal sight slot 20 and the extension 15 ma have a longitudinal sight slot 21,- and al these sight slots may have enlarged terminal porfollow any of the usual forms in instruments of this character V 'Toenlarge the usefulness of the instrument a telescope 23 is provided and this telescope has an intermediate clamp member 24 terminating in a loop 25 shaped to embrace the extensions 15 when the arms 10 are moved one toward the other until these extensions come together abovethe compass, and the loop 25 is applied over these extensions 'until it rests upon the hinges 13,"and is then made fast by thumb screws 26; The telescope is provided near the ends with sight members 27 having hinge connections 28 with the telescope and terminal extensions 29' fast to the members 27 by hinges 30, so

sions 29 are like the sight arms 10 and extensions 15. The telescope is provided with sight members 27 on opposite sides, so that the telescope is readily reversible andmay in time.

side of t e telescope remote from the clamp loop 25 isa casing 31 inolosing a level glass ricall. o' 'te sight openings 33 and at-the ends is g ir i ded with cars '34 by means of the level is attached to the tel e. and one ofthe. ears may have a laterally ex-' tended slot "for a suitable initial adjustment of the level. .-The sight openings 27 like the arms 10 have sighting slots 35. a For convenience ofiiescriptionuthe sight member at-thenorthmnd of the compass: will; be termed the no'rflrsight and that-at the southendof th'e conipass willbe'termed' the south sight". Whenthe hinged "arms of the sights are moved away one'from'the other until they rest upon the upper ends of the 32. The casing 31is provided with diametfixed arms andtheextensions 1 5 are up right, then-these extensions are .separatedi I one from the other by a distance equal-toelther the north or the south sig t. as

case may be, may be swung on its hinge to-' ward the center of the compass and the extension 15 may be swung on its hinge respect to thearm 10 and a sightmay be taken 'a't'avery stee :angle through the fixed or short arm up t ion hthe sight openings of the long arm, and t e reverse of this operation is possible for sighting down steep grades. The double jointed long arms, together with the shorter arms both pro vided'with sight openings ermit a multitude of positions not possib with a single jointed arm, or 'a fixed arm. Moreover, by swinging the long arms toward 'eachother as in F ig. 5 until the extensions 15 enga and then applying the telescope 23, t e thumb screws 17 having first been loosened, and the sights shifted west, in this condition of the parts the telescope may be brought into balanced relation with the sight arms, or even may be brought di-- rectly in the north and south line of the compass, .thus permitting very accurate work and also avoiding the necessity of oounterbalancing 'thetelesc'ope by the addition of weights. 4

The sights on the telescope permitthe use of the instrument under lightconditions which would tend to render the telescope useless. The sights on the'telescope permit back sighting" without the necessity of reiod volving the telescope and, moreover, these f sights permit working in dark places where the sights are more advantageous than the telescope would be, and this with a saving The sights are readily foldable,

arm folded over on it in the same manner as indicated in Fig. 4, but in the reverse position to the showing of. Fig. 4. By employing the instrument with the parts related as shown in Fig. 4, but with the long I arm of each sight in'one of the dotted line positions, the surveyor can take back and fore sights at an angle of elevation up and down steep pitc es, and this without hindrance or loss of time, by simply swinging and folding the long arms of the double sights, an action impossible with a com pass having the common perpendicular sight members. In fact, the instrument of the present invention provides a sight compass that can be put to all uses required for surveying in either level or hilly country, and when the telescope is in place at the top of either or of both sights, as may be desired, a convenient and inexpensive transit is formed.

The facility with Whichthe telescope may be mounted and the sighting can be.done

'by either the sights or the telescope and back sighting may be erformed through the sights without having to revolve the telescope, jarring of the instrument out of line is avoided, and there is no loss of time for .readj ustments.

The instrument of the present invention is capable of use by a surveyor having a mixed practice of work.

\Vhat is claimed is 1. In a surveying instrument, a compass plate and compass mounted thereon, the compass plate being provided with slots transverse to the length of the plate, and sights mounted to be moved lengthwise of the slots.

2. In a surveying instrument, a compass plate and compass mounted thereon, said plate having slots therein transverse to the length of the plate, and sights mounted on the plate and movable along the slots, and also reversible with respect to the length of the plate, the plate and sights having coactin parts for holding the sights in adjusted positions.

3. In a surveying instrument, a compass plate and compass mounted thereon, the compass plate having elongated slots disposed transversely to the north and south line of the compass and each provided with a series of perforations on each side of the slot, and a sight member for each slot having, a projection adapted; toran ope-of the perforations, andlrheans xt gh the slot for clamping th in any one of a number of d 4. In a surveying inst plate and compass thereon, her having sight arms at o of, one arm being normal fixed relation to the sigl t other arm being hinged ber.

6. Ina surveying instn her having a sight armp with a hinge connection instrument constructed to of the sight arm vto a to opposite sides of st said sight arm attheen' hinge connection h aving n sion hinged thereto and s ipd hinge to opposite sideso'f'a iitiitidfotiilifiement with said sight arm.

7. In a surveying instrument, a sight member comprising a basic portion, an arm in fixed relation to the basic portion and rising therefrom and provided with a sight opening, and at the other end provided with a rising portion having an arm hinged thereto and provided with a sight opening, said and also provided with a sight opening.

8. In a surveying instrument, a telescope attachment having sight members at opposite ends hinged to the telescope and each provided with a prolongation hinged thereto.

9. In a surveying instrument, a telescope attachment having sight members at opposite ends hinged to the telescope and each provided with a prolongation hinged there to, the telescope being also provided with a level provided with observation openings on opposite sides.

10. Ina surveying instrument, a compass plate and compass thereon, the plate being provided at the north and south ends of the compass with elongated slots disposed transversely to thenorth and southline of the compass and with series of perforations on opposite sides of each slot, and sighting members each comprising a. basic portion with a clamp member adapted to traverse the slot and clamp the basic portion of the plate, and said basic portion being provided with a pin adapted to enter any one of the perforati ns on opposite sides of the slot, said basic portion having at one end an upstandingqfixed -a.-s ight .qpening ,platiaand compass. thereonQtheplate being providedet the north and south ends of the compass wvith elongated slots disposed trans- Yegsely to; thenorth and, south: line'pf the earn as and; with. aflseries" of perforations on t epPp'osite sides of each slot, member's 'fiachwcqmp Ingfa basloportion with a elampigdd' totraverse the slot andclarnp thabasie; Him to the late, and said basie with pin imeens n Pwi adipted' to enter the perforationsono 0- site aides of" the slot and also being provided fitione end with an upstanding portion having-;'ena; rm hinged z t one, end thereto and at the other end provided with an extensi.o n hingedly connected thereto; and a tele: scom h ing m n fi gi th x nf o'fthe hinged arms when brought together and provided with si hting means at ;tlie endsandwith, a level: to it and observationof theleye l.

having ,ppenings' on. opposite sides for the 2- n a u veying a c mr plate and compass xnonnted thereon, membersmounted on {the compass plate 'ong the north.,a.nd vsoutlinside, 0f.the compass end tensions n Pa allel en a n hen the arms are moved: upon theirhinges .j'one' to.- wardgthe pther, .a. telescope pro ided Iiivith mesns'for securing it to the am n em tensi0ns'='\ivhen brought togethert'o be supported thereby said. telescope being mounted for reversal and provided withsighting means atopposite ends and with a level constru cted for observation froni opposite sides In testimony; that, Lclaimthe foregoing ture in thepresenceof two witnesses g JOHN WAINWBIGHT.

Witnesses: J AS.- H. Tnom son, E. G. Prs'rzmn, 

